BURN OPTICAL MEDIA

Burning Blu-ray Discs Using Linux Terminal

This guide explains how to record (burn) data to a Blu-ray disc from the Linux terminal using common command-line tools.

Prerequisites

Install the necessary packages:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install dvd+rw-tools udftools genisoimage

Option 1: Burn Files Directly to Blu-ray

Burn a directory directly to a Blu-ray disc:

growisofs -Z /dev/sr0 -R -J /path/to/data/

• /dev/sr0: Your Blu-ray drive (check with wodim --devices)
• -R: Rock Ridge extensions for UNIX
• -J: Joliet extensions for Windows
• /path/to/data/: Folder to burn

Option 2: Create ISO First, Then Burn

Step 1: Create an ISO image:

genisoimage -udf -R -J -o mydisc.iso /path/to/data/

Step 2: Burn the ISO:

growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr0=mydisc.iso

Optional: Verify Disc

Check disc content:

isoinfo -d -i /dev/sr0

Erase Rewritable Blu-ray (BD-RE)

dvd+rw-format -blank /dev/sr0

Format with UDF Filesystem (for advanced compatibility)

mkudffs --media-type=bd /dev/sr0

Blu-ray Disc Capacities

Layer Type	Capacity (Bytes)	Capacity (KB)	Capacity (MB)	Capacity (GB)
Single-layer (BD-R / BD-RE)	25,025,314,816	24,446,384	23,872	25
Dual-layer (BD-R DL / BD-RE DL)	50,050,629,632	48,892,768	47,744	50

Notes

• 1 KB = 1024 bytes
• 1 MB = 1024 KB
• Actual usable space may vary slightly.
• For video Blu-ray creation, additional authoring tools and specific folder structures are required.

Commands

$ time growisofs -Z /dev/sr0 -R -J -joliet-long -V "label"  "$(pwd)"
$ time dvd+rw-format -Blank /dev/sr0

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Need to test

dd if=/dev/zero of=file.iso bs=1M count=19000
mkudffs --vid=CDTITLE file.iso
mkdir /mnt/loop 
mount -o loop -t udf file.iso /mnt/loop 
cp big_file /mnt/loop 
umount /mnt/loop
growisofs -speed 4 -Z /dev/dvd=file.iso